Directional Selection Is One of Three Types of Natural Selection

Directional Selection Is One of Three Types of Natural Selection Directional selection  is one type of  natural selection  in which the  phenotype  (the observable characteristics) of the species tends toward one extreme rather the mean phenotype or the opposite extreme phenotype. Directional selection is one of three widely studied types of natural selection, in addition  to  stabilizing selection  and  disruptive selection. In stabilizing selection, the extreme phenotypes gradually reduce in number in favor of the mean phenotype, while in disruptive selection, the mean phenotype shrinks in favor of extremes in either direction.   Conditions Leading to Directional Selection The directional selection phenomenon is usually seen in environments that have changed over time. Changes in weather, climate, or food availability can lead to directional selection. In a very timely example connected to climate change, sockeye salmon have recently been observed shifting the timing of their spawn run in Alaska, likely due to rising water temperatures.   In a  statistical analysis of natural selection, directional selection shows a population bell curve for a particular trait that shifts either further left or further right. However, unlike  stabilizing selection, the height of the bell curve does not change. There are far fewer average individuals in a  population that has undergone directional selection. Human interaction can also speed up directional selection. For example, human hunters or fishermen pursuing quarry most often kill the bigger individuals of the population for their meat or other large ornamental or useful parts. Over time, this causes the population to skew toward the smaller individuals. A directional selection bell curve for size will show a shift to the left in this example of directional selection. Animal predators can also create directional selection. Because slower individuals in a prey population are more likely to be killed and eaten, directional selection will gradually skew the population toward faster individuals. A bell curve plotting species size will skew toward the right when documenting this form of directional selection.   Examples As one of the common forms of natural selection, there are plentiful examples of directional selection that have studied and documented. Some well-known cases:   Charles Darwin  studied what later became known as directional selection while he was in the  Galapagos Islands. He observed that the beak length of the Galapagos  finches  changed over time due to available food sources. When there was a lack of insects to eat, finches with larger and deeper beaks survived because the beak structure was useful for cracking seeds. Over time, as insects became more plentiful, directional selection began to favor  finches  with smaller and longer beaks that were more useful for catching insects.Fossil records show that black bears in Europe decreased in size during periods between continental glacial coverage during the ice ages, but increased in size during the glacial period. This was likely because larger individual enjoyed an advantage in conditions of limited  food supplies and  extreme cold.  In 18th and 19th century England peppered moths who had been predominantly white in order to blend in with light colored trees began t o evolve into a predominantly dark species in order to blend in with an environment that was becoming increasingly covered with soot from Industrial Revolution factories.

3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers

3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers 3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers 3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers By Mark Nichol These three sentences exemplify incorrect insertion or omission of hyphens in numerical references. Each sentence is accompanied by a discussion and a revision. 1. The two albums have sold close to 30-million copies combined worldwide. The combination of a numeral and a word expressing an order of magnitude is never hyphenated; the usage, a simplified version of the cluttered-looking numerical representation 3,000,000, is not a phrasal adjective: â€Å"The two albums have sold close to 30 million copies combined worldwide.† (This is true even when the number is a phrasal adjective: â€Å"The 30 million figure is unprecedented,† though it is better to relax such a statement to read, â€Å"The figure of 30 million is unprecedented.†) â€Å"The 30-million-dollar figure is unprecedented.† In such usage, the number is often spelled out: â€Å"The two albums have sold close to thirty million copies combined worldwide.† No hyphen is required in this case, either (â€Å"The thirty million figure is unprecedented†), though, again, it reads better in a more relaxed state (â€Å"The figure of thirty million is unprecedented†). When yet another word is included to form a phrasal adjective, however, whether the number is in numeral form or spelled out, hyphenate all three elements: â€Å"The 30-million-dollar figure is unprecedented†; â€Å"The thirty-million-dollar figure is unprecedented.† 2. These phases are often subdivided into 30, 60, and 90-day segments to manage specific milestones with greater precision. This sentence refers to segments of 30, 60, and 90 days’ duration, but the word day in the phrasal adjectives â€Å"30-day† and â€Å"60-day† has been elided because the use of the word in â€Å"90-day† makes it clear that the unit of time is implied for all three numbers. However, when this technique, called suspensive hyphenation, is employed, the hyphen must be retained after all three figures: â€Å"These phases are often subdivided into 30-, 60-, and 90-day segments to manage specific milestones with greater precision.† 3. We anticipate that significant unplanned outages of the network will occur approximately five-ten times a year. If the numbers in this sentence were treated as numerals, the correct style would be â€Å"5–10 times a year,† but an en dash should not be used in a number range when the numbers are spelled out (nor should a hyphen, which, as here, is often used erroneously in place of the dash): â€Å"We anticipate that significant unplanned outages of the network will occur approximately five to ten times a year.† (Some publications deliberately use hyphens in number ranges because a hyphen takes only a single keystroke to type.) Todays video: Both vs. Neither Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101The Difference Between "will" and "shall"Woof or Weft?

Starting a Business Online Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Starting a Business Online - Assignment Example They may think the prices are too high and since a sales person is not in front of them to convince them, impulse buying may be limited. Opportunities: After going online, the clothing store can explore and tap a niche market to differentiate itself from the competition. It can position some products as unique to the area in which the store is located. Moving beyond geographical boundaries, there is also an opportunity to build a well-known brand name and more credibility. We can engage more people online, develop a customer database and send them offers/E-greetings etc. in order to create some customer loyalty. Customers who live far away can be expected to pay a visit to the store when they come to Jersey Shore boardwalk. Threats: There are many online stores selling clothing, with very strong channels of distribution and more financial resources. Many have already built a name for themselves so it may be hard to convince customers to buy from a lesser known store. Some competing stores will have more knowledge of foreign markets and perhaps representatives there who can keep them abreast of any changes in those markets in terms of buyers’ needs, affordability, market size/growth, etc. Engaging in e-Commerce means that the business will become an international business and one will have to consider factors such as trust, culture, language, government and infrastructure when catering to foreign markets. First of all, initially the store will select and focus on a few foreign markets, which are close in terms of geographical distance as well as in terms of language, culture, etc. For instance, products can be supplied to the United Kingdom and some other European countries. Of course, the current fashion trends in these countries will need to be looked into but chances are they will be similar. Their culture in terms of clothing is the same, so one can expect them to buy t-shirts, tunics, skirts, pants, etc. English is the

Nursing metaparadigm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing metaparadigm - Essay Example In the changing socio-cultural environment and holistic nursing takes into consideration the wider implication of the environment within which the patient lives. I believe that nursing needs to go beyond the precinct of medical intervention to include external environment that influence patient’s welfare and decision making. My definition of nursing metaparadigm is closely aligned to the nursing theory of ‘The Stability Model of Change’. The theory primarily relies on the fact that change is consistent and people tend to adapt to changes to maintain equilibrium with the changing environment for improved healthcare and well being. In this instance, Jean watson’s Human Science and Human Care theory becomes highly relevant. It insists that major aim of nursing is to help individuals to gain harmony within mind, body and soul (case study, p140). Thus, caretive factors become facilitators of healing process. For example, when a cancer patient is encouraged to be happy and enjoy his present, he is more like to get well and challenge death. Thus, environmental factors that are aided and abetted by positive attitude considerably bring harmony of mind, body and

Business Communication Trends Essay Example for Free

Business Communication Trends Essay Business communication plays a big role in our daily work activities as individuals we must manage our daily activities depending on the trends and needs of our current workplace. There are ten Business communication trends the one that I will be discussing is on Quality and customer needs. Business Communication Trends Business communication is very important in my daily work environment. It is so important because we use this to communicate efficiently with our Managers to our customers. I work for The City of Indio in water department. My duties vary from customer service to Engineering administrative assistant. Business communication does play a big role in my day-to-day duties, because we have to be able to have great communication skills orally, and also we must use other communication technology efficiently like emails, letters, memos and phone or teleconferencing. In order to be a good representative we must be able to communicate effectively with our customers. The reason I say this is because we are responsible in making sure that we listen to what the customers needs are and that we are able to satisfactory resolve any issue that the customer might have. Many times when customers have a valid complain we must inform our supervisor via E-mail, depending on the level of urgency regarding the customers complains. I generally prefer to communicate this way because it creates a paper trail and it also protects me. Through these emails we must be able to communicate to our supervisor, what the issue is and what are the solutions that we can offer the customer. Then my supervisors will respond with either an approval or rejection. Then we can communicate with the customer and inform them what the end result is of their complaint. I have found that communicating with my supervisors via e-mail helps keep track of records, and if that same issue were to ever come up again we would have an e-mail that would be proof that particular issue was addressed and brought to our supervisors attention. If the issue is not resolved to the customer satisfaction it would be because there wasn’t a follow-up with the customer and we did not communicate in a professional manner. Business Communication Trends Working in a utility division comes with many challenges. When creating utility statement, wording has be to address in a manner where we are targeting an audience that can read and understand exactly what is being said in a normal monthly water utility bill . For example, what amount is due and when is it due. Many of our customers misinterpret or don’t understand the wording on the utility bills. This causes confusion, and can even cause customers to have the utility services interrupted, because they misinterpret their bill and did not know how to read it correctly. We all have spent countless hours rewording our statements and every time there is that one customer that is looking for a loop in the system to get away out of paying a payment or late fees. Our role as representatives is to ensure that are customer satisfaction is meet, and if there is an error where it might misguide our customers, we want to make sure that we correct the problem before it becomes a problem.

Essays --

Introduction Teaching is a crucial profession because it is designed to empower students; to give them more freedom, more power and more prestige. Teachers hold in their hands the success of our country and the wellbeing of its citizens; they are the key to help every person to realise his/her full potential. In teaching process, teachers use the target language to promote their communication with learners. They use this language so that they could encourage the communication between learners and themselves. This language is called teacher talk. Teacher talk is the exact words that teachers say to their students (Dickson, 2005; Crawford, 1999). In the other word, it is the content of lesson each teacher taught during each period of the class. Although teachers use same textbook as their teaching materials, each teacher has his/her own methods and words for their teaching process. "Teacher talk is used in class when teachers are conducting instructions, cultivating their intellectual ability and managing classroom activities" (Qican, 1999, p.23). In the other word, teacher talk is a kind of communication-based talk. Teacher talk is considered as an important element in language teaching (Cook, 2000). Researchers (Cook, 2000; Chaudron, 1988; Xiaohong, 1998) believed that teacher talk makes up around seventy percentage of classroom language. In the teaching process, teachers organize their teaching activities and consequently help students practice through their teacher talk. In English classroom, teacher’s language is not the only objective of the course, but also the medium to achieve the teaching objectives. Teacher talk has some features. One feature refers to the teacher talk's form such as speed, pause, repetition and modific... ...s such as positive reinforcement, encouragement, trusting, caring and accepting, toward students in the classroom. Communication: Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics defines communication as "the exchange of ideas, information, etc., between two or more persons. In an act of communication there is usually at least one speaker or sender, a message which is transmitted, and a person or persons for whom this message is intended (the receiver). Communication is studied from many disciplinary perspectives, is often viewed as a discipline in its own right, and is central to sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and information theory". Learning Attitude: It is expressions of positive or negative feelings towards learning which may cause ease or difficulty of learning a language. Language attitudes effect on second/foreign language learning.

Assessor S Script

The Assessor: After hearing the definition of NC II -? CSS, we can say that it is very important. It has its own importance and benefits like for example, work. Nowadays, if we would like to apply on a company, it will serve as your weapon in applying. NC II – CSS is accredited on foreign countries. NC II -? CSS is important because it will give you additional knowledge and an advantage to challenges. The Assessor: Moving on, we are now going to tackle the Core Competencies of NC II – CSS. There are 4 Units of Competencies. These are: Install Computer Systems and Network Diagnose Computer Systems and NetworkConfigure Computer Systems and Network Maintain Computer Systems and Network Installing Computer Systems and Network – This module will teach you how to install a single boot or a dual boot SO in one computer unit. Diagnose Computer Systems and Network -? This will teach you how to diagnose computer systems and network. It involves Assembly/Disassembly of a sy stem where in you will be observe if you obey the safety precautions and the proper handling of the parts of a system. Configuring Computer Systems and Network – This module will teach you how to configure computer systems and network.In this part also allows you to teach file sharing through network. In this part, you will do the cabling and what is the right pattern of cabling should be used. Maintain Computer Systems and Network – This module will teach you how to maintain Computer systems and network. In this part, you will be interview. The Interview involves the different malfunctions or errors encountered in maintaining a computer. The Assessor: What are the things we should prepare? We have to prepare the following: Application Form Test Package Attendance Sheet Self-Assessment Guide Competency Assessment Result Summary Tools and EquipmentThe Assessor: The Application Form was given to you ahead of this assessment. I will give it to you for you to recheck if yo u missed something. The assessor will now distribute the Application Form to its respective applicant. The Assessor will now guide the candidate on filling up the Application Form. The Assessor: Use BLACK INK only. The first thing you should to do is to sign the Applicant's Signature. After that is the date that you have accomplished the form. Under that is the Name Of School where the assessment center is located, Address location of the school and the Title of Assessment you have applied for.In this case you will put, NC II – Computer Hardware Servicing. Under that is the Qualifications. It has two options which is Full Qualification of COCO. Tick the Full Qualification. Next is the Client Type. Tick the DUVET Graduating Student. The Profile part consists of the Surname, First Name and Middle Name. Use Capital Letters only. Mailing Address consists of Number/ Street, Bargain, District, City, Province, Region and Zip Code. Fill up your Mother's Name, Father's Name and Sex. C heck the Male Box if you are a boy and if girl, check the Female Box. Next is the Civil Status. Check ONE only.Contact Numbers, Highest Educational Attainment, check College Level. Birthrate, You should write in following format MM/AD/W and your Birthplace. Do not put the hospital but the CITY you were born. Put your Work Experience if you have. Name of the Company, Position, Inclusive Dates, Monthly Salary, Status of Appointment and Number of Years Working. Next is the Other Training/Seminars Attended. The seminars that you should mention are on NATIONAL QUALIFICATION-RELATED. Next is Licenser Examinations that you had passed and Lastly The Competency Assessment's that you have passed.The Assessor: Under the Application Form is the, Admission Slip. Please cut the Admission Slip and Pass the Application Form to me. The assessor will collect the Application Form and leave the Admission Slip to the candidates. The assessor will now verify the information written on the Application For m. If there are still information lacking, you will give it back to the candidate and let him fill up the missing information. If verification is done and no error is sighted, the assessor will now explain the proper procedures in filling up the information on the Admission Slip.The Assessor: Do not write anything on the Reference Number. Leave it blank. Write your name on the Name of Applicant Field. Next is you Contact Number or Telephone Number. The Assessment you applied for is NC II – CSS (Computer Hardware Servicing. The Official Receipt Number was given to you after you settle the payment for this assessment. Please indicate the date where you pay to the Date Issued side. On, the lower right portion of the slip, Write your name in PRINT and put your signature above it. Lastly, the date of your assessment should be indicated. The Assessor: Any questions?If there are no questions, you can now proceed on checking of attendance. The Assessor: will now check your attendance . The assessor will now distribute the attendance to the candidates. The Assessor: Let me remind you this, you can use blank ink only. Each attendance sheet will only accommodate 10 persons each. Each person will fill up 3 attendance sheets. The number you have filled up on the attendance should be similar or the same to the corresponding attendance sheets. Let the candidates sign on the attendance sheet, compare the signatures of candidates on admission slip against the signature on the attendance sheet.The Assessor: Here with me is the Self-Assessment Guide. This is an indication that you know and can perform all units of competency enumerated in this qualification. If you checked â€Å"No† at least one of these questions indicates that you are not competent. In every end qualifications, fill up the Candidate's Name and the Date. Please read the instructions carefully and answer all the questions outlined in the document. Use black ink only. The Assessor: If you need assist ance, I will be more than Willing to assist you. The self-assessment guide was given to the candidate by the processing officer of the assessment center.The competency assessor explains and guides the candidate in accomplishing the Self-Assessment Guide. After the candidate is through with accomplishing the Self-Assessment Guide, you will review the answers and will give feedback to the candidates. The Assessor: Now, you are now going to fill up the Test Package and the Competency Assessment Result. Fill out the following fields, the Name of the Candidate, Date of Assessment and name Of Assessment Center. Avoid erasures and use black ink only. The assessor will now double check the fields of the candidates and let them ill out the lacking information and verifies it.The competency assessor orients/briefs the candidates. The assessor should explain the following. The Assessor: What are the tools and equipment used in the assessment? In networking, you will use Crimping Tool, U TOP Ca ble and an RUG-45. You will be given ;o (2) RUG-ass. In Installing Computer System, you will use a CD and Computer Unit. Lastly, in Diagnose Computer System and Network, you will use a Computer System and a screw. Please handle the tools and equipment with care. If you unfortunately broke a tool or equipment, you will replace it with a new one.The Assessor: As the in-charge person here, will set my Rules and Policies during Assessment Procedure. These are the rules: The candidate can only left the assessment room if he or she has the consent of the assessor. No talking during assessment hours. Observe Silence. The Assessor: Do you have any clarifications? If none, you can now designate different qualifications to the candidate. The Assessor: Candidate 1, 2 and 3 will do the Installing Computer Systems and Network. Candidate 4, 5 and 6 will do the Diagnose Computer and Systems and Network. Candidate 7, 8 and 9 will do the Configure ComputerSystem s and Network and lastly, Candidate 1 0 will do the Maintain Computer Systems and Network. You now instruct Candidate 1 to enter the assessment room. (to be followed by Candidate 2, 3 etc. ). Provide the candidate with all materials, tools and equipment required to complete the tasks. At this point, you give the Specific Instructions to the candidate clear and slowly. The Assessor: From this point, I will give you the Specific Instructions. The Assessor: Using the materials, tools and equipment, you are required to perform the tasks within hours. I will be observing you while you are performing the tasks.The Assessor: After your demonstration, I will ask you questions related to your demonstration. The Assessor: You may call me when there is a need for me to translate or explain items for clarification. The Assessor: After the questioning portion, I will give you feedback about your performance. The Assessor: Any questions/clarifications? If there are no more questions, you may start now. While the candidate performs th e activity you must remind or observe the candidate if he obey the safety precautions in doing a certain task. F one candidate is done on the task you designated, designate him a new ask.The Assessor: You were (give the strong points of the candidate followed by the weak points) If the candidate was found to be competent say: The Assessor: You performed the tasks within the standard requirements of the Qualification. Note: Present the CARS or the Competency Assessment Result to the candidate to affix his signature on the candidate's signature portion. This is a proof that he accepts your assessment decision. If the candidate was found not yet competent say: The Assessor: am sorry. You were not able to perform within the standard requirements of the Qualification.You have to review/practice the activities related to the competency requirements of the Qualification further. The Assessor: You can only comeback if there is another schedule of assessment for you to reassess or when you f eel confident enough that you have acquired the competence. Do not worry you will only be reassessed on the part of activity that you were found not yet competent. Proof that he accepts your assessment decision. Complete the rating sheets and other documents and submit there to the Manager of the Assessment Center The Assessor: Now you know the results, What are the requirements in lamming your NC II -? CSS Certificate?

Software Customization

Business software was fabricated to intentionally make the company processes much easier, efficient, accurate and more convenient for the users. Today, these software are now ready for modifications to suit the business needs of a particular company. Apparently, software customization is considered to be a social modification process (Clement) which affects many segments of people’s day to day activities The customization of a business software is applicable only if it can justify the reasons for such modification. As examples, it would only be more ideal to customize a software if the company has found a more productive way of doing business or if the company is protecting any of its intellectual property rights for a particular product. The main benefit of software customization in a newly discovered mode of production is that the software can minimize possible delays and errors in doing the said procedure because of the fact that its function will directly support the task. On the other hand, a customized software can also provide a form of security for intellectual product rights because the customized program will only be useful for a particular segment of the company’s production line. Although software customization provides a larger scale of benefits, there are also some related concerns. For one, customizing a pre-defined program may require the company to invest in hiring an expert programmer to initiate the customization. Also, it is a necessary thing to train the in-house programmers for the customization so that the procedure can be maintained. These factors may all involve additional financial investments for the company. Moreover, customization also carries a certain amount of risks for it my not readily identify some erroneous procedures the software my induce in other unidentified company processes. On a personal note, it seems that the most fundamental advancement in personal computing is the introduction of the internet. Previously, anything that needs to be done using a machine assistant was only confined in a limited area of computing. However, today’s capacity of the computers to transmit and receive data in split second speeds has allowed many individuals, organizations and industries to exchange information which primarily drives today’s social development. Basically, the advanced capability of PCs and the internet have definitely improved how business, education and communication are being implemented. References Clement, A. N.D. Customization of Software Systems. University of Limerick. Retrieved February 27, 2008 from

Free Essays on Causal Argument

We as a nation have finally called Saddam Hussein’s bluff, and are currently attacking Iraq on all fronts: covert operations from the north, a more standardized ground warfare from the south, and bombings of major cities and palaces throughout the country. Secretary of State Colin Powell and President George W. Bush have been pleading their case to the United Nations for several months, hoping to ease political tensions in regards to our nation’s goal of removing Saddam Hussein from power and ultimately disarming Iraq of their weapons of mass destruction. Major television networks are flooding our screens with video footage of missiles striking Iraqi targets, shattering Presidential Palaces, and bombarding Iraqi military positions. Iraq is responding to the Coalition offensive strikes as best it can; Saddam is encouraging his troops to fight vigilantly, that Iraq is positioned to successfully repel the Coalition forces. Of course our nation, with the help of other Coalition forces, is overpowering Saddam’s military and are accomplishing its military initiatives without much resistance from the opposition. Iraq, however, is using the Aljazeer network to broadcast footage of American Prisoners of War being tortured and killed to inspire its people to stay committed to the defeat of the United States. President Bush has been telling the American people for months that Iraq is a major threat to our homeland security and is guilty of committing heinous crimes against humanity on his own people. He claims that they are attempting to develop nuclear weapons capabilities and already have the technology needed to produce biological and chemical weapons such as Anthrax and Small Pox. President Bush has stated repeatedly that Saddam must be removed from power in order for United States citizens to be safe from terrorism and Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. It seems that President Bush simply added right before we went to war tha... Free Essays on Causal Argument Free Essays on Causal Argument We as a nation have finally called Saddam Hussein’s bluff, and are currently attacking Iraq on all fronts: covert operations from the north, a more standardized ground warfare from the south, and bombings of major cities and palaces throughout the country. Secretary of State Colin Powell and President George W. Bush have been pleading their case to the United Nations for several months, hoping to ease political tensions in regards to our nation’s goal of removing Saddam Hussein from power and ultimately disarming Iraq of their weapons of mass destruction. Major television networks are flooding our screens with video footage of missiles striking Iraqi targets, shattering Presidential Palaces, and bombarding Iraqi military positions. Iraq is responding to the Coalition offensive strikes as best it can; Saddam is encouraging his troops to fight vigilantly, that Iraq is positioned to successfully repel the Coalition forces. Of course our nation, with the help of other Coalition forces, is overpowering Saddam’s military and are accomplishing its military initiatives without much resistance from the opposition. Iraq, however, is using the Aljazeer network to broadcast footage of American Prisoners of War being tortured and killed to inspire its people to stay committed to the defeat of the United States. President Bush has been telling the American people for months that Iraq is a major threat to our homeland security and is guilty of committing heinous crimes against humanity on his own people. He claims that they are attempting to develop nuclear weapons capabilities and already have the technology needed to produce biological and chemical weapons such as Anthrax and Small Pox. President Bush has stated repeatedly that Saddam must be removed from power in order for United States citizens to be safe from terrorism and Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. It seems that President Bush simply added right before we went to war tha...

Strangler Fig - South Floridas Strange Hammock Tree

Strangler Fig - South Florida's Strange Hammock Tree Figs are successful forest trees with some 900 separate species worldwide. Figs are extremely common because of their excellent means of dispersal including abundant and good-tasting fruit. The strangler fig, or Ficus aurea, is one of the most interesting trees in a North American Everglades tropical hardwood hammock. Strangler figs, sometimes called golden fig are native to south Florida and the West Indies. The strangler fig produces a continuous crop of seeds via the fruit that is very important to the ecosystem and a major food source for animals. Birds transport and spread these seed in droppings. Strangler Fig's Unusual Propagation Method Strangler fig seeds are sticky and attach to a host tree where it germinates and thrives in tropical moisture. The strangler fig begins its life as a parasite-like epiphyte or air plant but is always seeking a path to the ground and a more dependable source for root uptake of nutrients. The trees seeds lodge in bark fissures of an unfortunate host, germinate and send out air roots that take in nutrients and water from the air and host tree. Eventually, the air roots grow to reach the ground and develop their own underground root system. Cabbage palms are favorite hosts for the strangler fig. Why the Name Strangler Fig The Stranger Fig is one of the strangest plants in a tropical hardwood hammock. It completely entwines its roots and trunk around a host tree. The figs crown grows foliage which soon overshadows the tree. Eventually, the host tree is strangled and dies, leaving the fig with a hollow trunk where the host used to be. The fig takes advantage of the nutrients produced by the rotting host. The Tropical Hardwood Hammock Strangler figs generally grow on raised land called hammocks. The typical tropical hardwood hammock in the Everglades develop only in areas that are protected from fire, flood and salt water. The strangler fig is a very important tree in a typical hammock but not the only tree. A figs tree cover type or biome includes Cabbage palm, slash pine, gumbo-limbo, saw-palmetto, poisonwood and live oak. The Importance of a Strangler Fig It is important to note that this killer epiphyte provides an important niche and food source to many tropical forest creatures. Its hollow trunk, with an abundance of nooks and crannies, provides an important home to thousands of invertebrates, rodents, bats, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. The strangler fig is also considered a keystone tree and necessary in the tropical hardwood ecosystem. Many forms of life are attracted to the fig tree because of its production of large amounts of fig fruits and can be the only source of food during certain seasons.

Law of the Sea Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of the Sea - Case Study Example Territorial waters could be defined to be the territorial waters extending up to 12 nautical mi (22 km) beyond a country's coast which grants it solitary fishing and mining rights in waters limited to 200 nautical mi (370 km) from its coast." (Law of the Sea. 2008). Exclusive economic zones need to be seen in the context of its rights and freedom in relation to other State(s). Any area beyond and adjoining its territorial seas under a specific legal administration made up in this Part under which the rights and jurisdiction of the State seen in relation to the rights and privileges of any other state are a subject matter that is regulated through specific provisions of this Convention. Further, the continental shelf comprises the sea bed and lower soil of the subsoil areas that extends beyond its territorial seas through a natural extension of its land territories. It could also be a distance of 200 nautical miles from which the breadth of the territorial seas is measured, in cases where the outer edge of the margin does not extend up to that distance. (Exclusive Economic Zone. ... (Exclusive Economic Zone: Article 55). Further, the continental shelf comprises the sea bed and lower soil of the subsoil areas that extends beyond its territorial seas through a natural extension of its land territories. It could also be a distance of 200 nautical miles from which the breadth of the territorial seas is measured, in cases where the outer edge of the margin does not extend up to that distance. (Exclusive Economic Zone. Article 76). The above aspects are important since, by virtue of declaring an EEZ, coastal states are able to establish exclusive sovereign rights, albeit respecting rights of other States, in a 200 nautical mile jurisdiction,. This could cover fishing, mining, deep-sea exploration for natural resources, protecting deep-sea life, and other economic activities, and the coastal state has exclusive control and jurisdiction over marine resources and environmental issues occurring in its line of control. (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 Overview and Full Text. 2008).The main issue that has arisen is that State A has enlisted the powers available to it under Article 73 of the UN Law of the sea Convention which relates to the enforcement of Rules and Regulations promulgated by the coastal state with regard to the protection of rights over exclusive economic zones of the state. Under this Article, it is well within the powers of a Coastal state to take such steps, including arrest, or internal seizure that may be necessary for the protection of its rights and ensure observation of the provisions of this Convention. (Exclusive Economic Zone). However, it has been categorically stated that should arrest take place, the detained vessel and its crew shall also be immediately released upon